DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

PEST MANAGEMENT BULLETIN

The Pest Management Bulletin, a periodic publication of the U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (USAEHA) Entomological Sciences Division, is devoted to keeping installation pest management and preventive medicine personnel informed and up-to-date in the rapidly changing field of pest management.

This bulletin is designed to keep you informed. Therefore, your comments and suggestions are welcome. If you have a problem, a solution, or a personal observation about any aspect of pest management, send it to us. Write to the following address: Commander, US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, ATTN: HSHB-MR-EMO (Pest Management Bulletin), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5422, or call us at DSN 584-3773 or commercial (410) 671-3773.

The contents of the Pest Management Bulletin and views expressed are at the discretion of the editor and staff of the Entomological Sciences Division. They do not represent official views or policies of USAEHA or the U.S. Army. Mention of a pesticide or commercial product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation of this product by the Entomological Sciences Division, USAEHA, or the U.S. Army. Reproduction of this bulletin or use of any portion thereof, except by Federal agencies, is not allowed without specific written permission from USAEHA.

CONTENTS

• HAIL AND FAREWELL
• TG #196 NOW AVAILABLE
• PHOTOS AVAILABLE
• PESTICIDE LABEL DESIGN CRITICIZED
• IT'S IN THE NEWS
• INSECT RECORDS
• ASIAN GYPSY MOTH
• RIVERSIDE FUMES UPDATE
• UPDATE TO PT 265 KNOX OUT RECALL
• UPCOMING EVENTS
• ARMY PEST MANAGEMENT COURSE SCHEDULE
• ON THE LIGHTER SIDE
• MOSQUITOES AND AIDS

On a sadder note, we wish a sad farewell to Rick Griffiths. Rick was our wildlife biologist and was the one who provided all of the great wildlife information in the Bulletin. He has taken a job with the Marine Corps at Camp Pendelton, CA. Rick, we wish you well and will miss your expertise.

TG #196 NOW AVAILABLE

USAEHA Technical Guide # 196 titled Guide to Poisonous and Toxic Plants is now available. This technical guide (TG) is designed to supplement Army Regulation (AR) 608-10, Child Development Services. This regulation, in Appendix C, provides a list of toxic plants that are not permitted either in Child Development Centers or in the play areas outside the centers. The list provided in the AR contains no descriptions of the plants, no distribution information, and no indication about what part of the plant is poisonous. This TG is intended to provide this missing information.

The TG is being sent to all of the Child Development Centers and all of the Environmental Science Officers (ESO). If you are not among this group and would like a copy of this new Tech Guide, please call us at the DoD Pesticide Hotline at DSN 584-3773 or commercial (410) 671-3773.

PHOTOS AVAILABLE

An 8 x 10 group photograph of the participants at the Biennial Army Entomology training course (February 1993, San Antonio, TX) is available. Contact CPT Bill Sames at DSN 471-4411/5270 or ahspmzo@ftsmhstn-hsc.army.mil. Many have already been distributed to participants, but if you didn't get one, please order ASAP.

PESTICIDE LABEL DESIGN CRITICIZED

A paper entitled "Pesticide labels: Proven Protection or Superficial Safety?" appeared in the January 1994, Journal of the American Optometric Association. Based on optometric and readability analysis, the paper criticized pesticide labels of the high visual acuity required to read them and the high level of education (11th grade) required to understand them. In other words, the print was too small and the words too big. The report concluded that essential pesticide use and safety information is not being effectively communicated to the public and that labels often fail to provide protection by being physically and cognitively inaccessible.

Georgia Pesticide Digest, April, 1994.

MOSQUITOES AND AIDS

Dr. Wayne J. Crans

Media releases concerning the possibility of mosquitoes transmitting AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) were common when the disease was first recognized, and the subject is still addressed by tabloids that seek captivating headlines to increase their circulation. The topic was initiated by reports from a small community in southern Florida where preliminary evidence suggested that mosquitoes may have been responsible for the higher than average incidence of AIDS in the local population. The media was quick to publicize claims that mosquitoes were involved in AIDS transmission despite findings of scientific surveys of the National Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that clearly demonstrated that mosquito transmission of AIDS in that community appeared highly unlikely. Nevertheless, media releases perpetuated the concept that mosquitoes transmitted AIDS, and many people still feel that mosquitoes may be responsible for transmission of this infection from one individual to another.

There are three theoretical mechanisms which would allow bloodsucking insects such as mosquitoes to transmit HIV.

1. In the first mechanism, a mosquito would initiate the cycle by feeding on an HIV positive carrier and ingest virus particles with the blood. For the virus to be passed on, it would have to survive inside the mosquito, preferably increase in numbers, and then migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. The infected mosquito would then seek its second blood meal from an uninfected host and transfer the HIV from its salivary glands during the course of the bite. This is the mechanism used by most mosquito-borne parasites, including malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and the encephalitis viruses.

2. In the second mechanism, a mosquito would initiate the cycle by beginning to feed on an HIV carrier and be interrupted after it had successfully drawn blood. Instead of resuming the partial blood meal on its original host, the mosquito would select an AIDS-free person to complete the meal. As it penetrated the skin of the new host, the mosquito would transfer virus particles that were adhering to the mouthparts from the previous meal. This mechanism is not common in mosquito-borne infections, but equine infectious anemia is transmitted to horses by biting flies in this manner.

3. The third theoretical mechanism also involves a mosquito that is interrupted while feeding on an HIV carrier and resumes the partial blood meal on a different individual. In this scenario, however, the AIDS-free host squashes the mosquito as it attempts to feed and smears HIV contaminated blood into the wound. In theory, any of the mosquito-borne viruses could be transmitted in this manner providing the host circulated sufficient virus particles to initiate reinfection by contamination.

Each of these mechanisms has been investigated with a variety of blood sucking insects and the results clearly show that mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS. News reports on the findings, however have been confusing, and media interpretation of the results has not been clear. The average person is still not convinced that mosquitoes are not involved in the transmission of a disease that appears in the blood, is passed from person to person and can be contracted by persons that share hypodermic needles. Here are just some of the reasons why the studies showed that mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS:

MOSQUITOES DIGEST THE VIRUS THAT CAUSE AIDS

When a mosquito transmits a disease agent from one person to another, the infectious agent must remain alive inside the mosquito until transfer is completed. If the mosquito digests the parasite, the transmission cycle is terminated and the parasite cannot be passed on to the next host. Successful mosquito-borne parasites have a number of interesting ways to avoid being treated as food. Some are refractory to the digestive enzymes inside the mosquito's stomach: most bore their way out of the stomach as quickly as possible to avoid the powerful digestive enzymes that would quickly eliminate their existence. Malaria parasites survive inside mosquitoes for 9-12 days and actually go through a series of necessary life stages during that period. Encephalitis virus particles survive for 10-25 days inside a mosquito and replicate enormously during the incubation period. Studies with HIV clearly show that the virus responsible for the AIDS infection is regarded as food to the mosquito and is digested along with the blood meal. As a result, mosquitoes that ingest HIV-infected blood digest that blood within 1-2 days and completely destroy any virus particles that could potentially -produce a new infection. Since the virus does not survive to reproduce and invade the salivary glands, the mechanism that most mosquito-borne parasites use to get from one host to the next is not possible with HIV.

MOSQUITOES DO NOT INGEST ENOUGH HIV PARTICLES TO TRANSMIT AIDS BY CONTAMINATION

Insect-borne disease agents that have the ability to be transferred from one individual to the next via contaminated mouthparts must circulate at very high levels in the bloodstream of their host Transfer by mouthpart contamination requires sufficient infectious particles to initiate a new infection. The exact number of infectious particles varies from one disease to the next. HIV circulates at very low levels in the blood--well below the levels of any of the known mosquito-borne diseases. Infected individuals rarely circulate more than 10 units of HIV, and 70 to 80% of HIV-infected persons have undetectable levels of virus particles in their blood. Calculations with mosquitoes and HIV show that a mosquito that is interrupted while feeding on an HIV carrier circulating 1000 units of HIV has a 1:10 million probability of injecting a single unit of HIV to an AIDS-free recipient. In laymen's terms, an AIDS-free individual would have to be bitten by 10 million mosquitoes that had begun feeding on an AIDS carrier to receive a single unit of HIV from contaminated mosquito mouthparts. Using the same calculations, crushing a fully engorged mosquito containing AIDS positive blood would still not begin to approach the levels needed to initiate infection. In short, mechanical transmission of AIDS by HIV-contaminated mosquitoes appears to be well beyond the limits of probability. Therefore, non of the theoretical mechanisms cited earlier appear to be possible for mosquito transmission of HIV.

MOSQUITOES ARE NOT FLYING HYPODERMIC NEEDLES

Many people think of mosquitoes as tiny, flying hypodermic syringes, and if hypodermic needles can successfully transmit HIV from one individual to another then mosquitoes ought to be able to do the same. We have already seen that HIV-infected individuals do not circulate enough virus particles to result in infection by contamination. However, even if HIV-positive individuals did circulate high levels of virus, mosquitoes could not transmit the virus by the methods that are employed in used syringes. Most people have heard that mosquitoes regurgitate saliva before they feed, but are unaware that the food canal and salivary canal are separate passageways in the mosquito. The mosquito's feeding apparatus is an extremely complicated structure that is totally unlike the crude single-bore syringe. Unlike a syringe, the mosquito delivers salivary fluid through one passage and draws blood up another. As a result, the food canal is not flushed out like a used needle, and blood flow is always unidirectional. The mechanics involved in mosquito feeding are totally unlike the mechanisms employed by the drug user's needles. In short, mosquitoes are not flying hypodermic needles and a mosquito that disgorges saliva into your body is not flushing out the remnants of its last blood meal.

Dr. Crans is an Associate Research Professor of Entomology at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

IT'S IN THE NEWS

Bird/Airplane Problems, FL

APHIS Animal Damage Control officials met with officials of the Daytona Beach, Fla., International Airport, Daytona Beach Police Department, and the Federal Aviation Administration to discuss strategies for evaluating and resolving a severe bird strike problem at the airport. Over the past year, four commercial airliners lost power after their engines ingested birds during landing or departure. Another bird strike shattered the windshield of an incoming airliner. APHIS is developing an action plan that includes a biological assessment and hazard analysis for the airport and an operational hazard control program.

Rabies, VT

Dogs Prove Worth Against Brown Tree Snake

The detector dogs being used by APHIS in Guam to locate brown tree snakes have proven to be beneficial. The dogs, which are Jack Russell terriers, use their keen sense of smell to check military and civilian cargo for the presence of the snakes. Many of the snakes the dogs locate would not have been found by human inspectors. The purpose of the APHIS Brown Tree Snake Program is to keep the snakes from dispersing to Hawaii, other States, and other Pacific Islands.

House Cats Spread Human Plague in Southwest.

Domestic cats have been identified as carriers of bubonic and other plagues picked up from disease-carrying fleas and rodents. [New York Times].

Third World Pesticide Poisoning

The International Labor Organization will study pesticide poisoning in India. The ILO said pesticides claim 40,000 lives annually worldwide, 99% in developing countries which use only 20% of the world's pesticides. (UPI 4/27).

Beaver Damage, SC

The South Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) and APHIS Animal Damage Control (ADC) officials met recently to discuss the terms of a new cooperative program to manage beaver damage to the State's road system. SC DOT has expended considerable time and resources toward curbing road damage caused by beaver activity but with only limited success. As a result of the meeting, ADC will develop and administer a beaver-damage assistance program covering an eight-county area in eastern South Carolina beginning in July 1994. .

Pesticide Fine --- A pest controller in Tacoma got slapped with a $30,000 fine for accidentally killing a peregrine falcon as a result of a pigeon baiting operation a few years ago. Non-target species can be very expensive and high-risk business when the poison used is persistent and can cause secondary poisoning..

INSECT RECORDS

The 1994 edition of University of Florida Book of Insect Records has been published. Chapter titles, champions, and authors are listed below..

Fastest Flyer [CHAP1].

Hybomitra hinei wrighti (Diptera: Tabanidae), 145 km/h. J.H. Byrd.

Greatest Host Range [CHAP2].

Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), 636 species of plants. Richard A. Worth.

Longest Diapause [CHAP3].

Prodoxus y-inversus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae), 19 years. Marcos R. de Faria.

Most Tolerant of Cold [CHAP4].

Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera: Chironomidae), -270� C. Jason P. W. Hall.

Most Tolerant of Desiccation [CHAP5].

Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera: Chironomidae), <3% moisture. Kerri Schwarz.

Shortest Generation Time [CHAP6].

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae), 5.0 days. Marco A. Toapanta.

Smallest Eggs [CHAP7].

Zenillia pullata (Diptera: Tachinidae), 0.027 x 0.020 mm. Varsovia E. Cevallos.

Most Spectacular Mating [CHAP8].

Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae); male loses part of his phallus and his life. Doug Sieflaff.

To get an e-mailed copy of any chapter, send e-mail to: FLAENT@ GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU, making this the _Subject_ of the message: CHAPn.TXT with the "n" replaced by the number of the chapter you wish to retrieve. For example, the subject CHAP3.TXT will retrieve the chapter on the longest diapause. [Put nothing in the body of the message. It will not be read.].

Thomas J. Walker, Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, Internet: TJW@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu, Bitnet: TJW@ifasgnv..

ASIAN GYPSY MOTH

GERMAN MILITARY HOUSEHOLD GOODS (MHHG).

PEST ALERT!!! .

German Plant Protection and Quarantine officials have advised APHIS that population levels for gypsy moth are extremely high. Many of the U.S. military bases are located in the infested area. The current military inspection program for MHHG only inspects 3% of the shipments. Egg masses have been found on MHHG this year. To reduce this pest risk effective IMMEDIATELY PPQ work units will hold all MHHG shipments from Germany. The exterior of all of these seagoing shipping containers will be inspected. Household packing lists will be reviewed to determine if outdoor household goods (OHG) are present in the shipment. Those shipments not containing OHG may be released after inspection of the exterior of the seagoing shipping container. Shipments containing OHG MUST BE INSPECTED. If household packing lists are not available, the shipment must be inspected for OHG..

Contact Port Operations at (301) 436-8295 if there are any questions. .

Inspection of Cargo from Germany for Gypsy Moth.

Date: April 22, 1994.

To: All Regions.

Gypsy moth egg masses and larvae have been found on Privately Owned Vehicles (POVs) in Charleston, SC, and on military truck chassis in Baltimore, MD, arriving from Germany. Inspecting these items has been very difficult because of the many places egg masses and larvae can hide. Intensive inspections have generally not revealed gypsy moth egg masses; however, larvae have been found emerging from the cargo..

High risk gypsy moth cargo should be inspected promptly. If no gypsy moth is found, hold the cargo for 10 days from the date of arrival, or until the last date of expected local egg hatch, whichever is later. Local state representatives should be able to provide the hatch dates. Monitor the cargo daily during early morning hours when larvae are active. .

If larvae or egg masses are found, the Officer in Charge may choose from several courses of action from this date to June 15. (1) POVs on which insects are found should be covered immediately and treated with a methyl bromide (MB) fumigation. The balance of the shipment must be held and examined daily early each morning when larvae are active. The shipment may be released 10 days after the last live insects are found. (2) Alternatively, the entire shipment or individual POVs may be fumigated with a MB fumigation and released. (3) shipments of equipment from a single source such as truck chassis, where live insects are found should be fumigated with MB. (4) Household Goods (HHGs) should be examined externally soon after discharge. Invoices must be checked for the presence of outdoor items. If these items are present the lift van must be unstuffed and examined. HHG shipments without outdoor items may be released. (5) HHG shipments with outdoor items may be held for 20 days after arrival or the local egg hatch date and released without unstuffing the lift van. During this period, egg masses would hatch and the larvae die of starvation.

. The recommended treatment for gypsy moth can be found in the gypsy moth CFR (301.45), Schedule I Long Exposure, which follows: .

Temp.            Dosage       Exposure     Concen-       oz/1,000 .

                    lbs/1000         hours        tration          cu.ft. at  .

                      cu.ft.         @ 1/2 hr       end .


40-49 deg          3.5              4.5            42                 28 .

50-59                3.0              4.0            36                 24 .

60-69                2.5              3.0            30                 20 .

70-74                2.0              2.5            24                 16 .

75 & up             1.5             2.5             18                 12 .

Notify Port Operations at (301) 436-8295 if gypsy moth is found and what action will be taken..

Eddie W. Elder, Chief Operations Officer, Port Operations, Plant Protection and Quarantine.

Asian Gypsy Moth Threat from Germany.

Representatives from APHIS, FAS, German Federal and State Plant Quarantine and Forestry Agencies, and Agriculture Canada met on April 6 in Bonn, Germany, to discuss the serious Asian gypsy moth outbreak in southern Germany and the threat this represents of introducing this pest in the United States on commercial and U.S. military cargo and personal property. German officials were advised that the United States would perform more intensive inspections of German commercial cargo arriving at U.S. ports-of-entry to preclude introduction of this pest. A number of possible strategies were discussed that would permit APHIS and Agriculture Canada to effectively target high-risk shipments and thus minimize the impact on German exports to North America. German officials were equally concerned about the problem and agreed to provide APHIS and Agriculture Canada with a proposed plan of action by early June..

RIVERSIDE FUMES UPDATE

The following is a newspaper report as it appeared in the local The Press Enterprise on Friday, April 1, 1994 by Susan Sullivan. Title is Stricken Pair Still Off Work-Fumes Investigation Not Yet Completed. .

Riverside.

Nearly six weeks after emergency room workers fell ill at Riverside General Hospital as they treated a dying patient, the two who suffered the most serious symptoms are still recovering at home. Nurse Sally Balderas and physician Julie Gorchynski have not returned to work, according to Riverside County spokesman Tom DeSantis. "we really don't have any firm idea when they"ll be back". Balderas was hospitalized for 10 days at Parkview Community Hospital after the Feb 19 incident. Gorchynski was released three days later, on March 4, from Loma Linda University Medical Center..

Both women suffered symptoms that included headaches, muscle spasms and apnea, a sudden cessation of breathing. They were among seven workers with symptoms ranging from dizziness to fainting and apnea who fell ill as they worked on 31-year old Gloria Ramirez. The Riverside cancer patient was brought to the hospital by ambulance complaining of breathing trouble and went into cardiac arrest. As emergency room workers tried to revive her, they drew her blood and several noticed crystals in it and an ammonia-like smell..

State and county health officials have released virtually no information about their investigation into what killed Ramirez and what sickened the hospital workers. DeSantis said earlier this week the investigation may be wrapped up within a month. .

Gorchynski's sister, Llaria, a 35 year old law student at Pepperdine University, said her sister feels too weak to return to work and is frustrated by her slow recovery. Breathing is still difficult because of the toll that severe muscle spasms took on her..

"She would really like to know what hit her," Llaria said. "The (Riverside County) Coroner's office has been in touch with her and basically they're saying they can't say anything to her (about the investigation) because of all the lawsuits pending." The family of Gloria Ramirez has hired a lawyer. Family members have said they believe whatever felled emergency room workers came from somewhere in the hospital and contributed to Gloria's death..

"For us as a family it's quite frustrating", said Laria Gorchynski. "Here my sister's sick and nobody even cares to tell us what's going on. They're more worried about protecting their reputation than to tell the victim even what hit her.".

According to DeSantis, the Coroner's office is an independent, investigatory agency and is not withholding information out of any fear of legal action, but because "releasing anything now would be inconclusive and potentially misleading." Another hospital worker who became ill that night, respiratory therapist Maureen Welch, has been conducting her own investigation into what could have sickened her and her co-workers. "I'm committed to researching this....One compound or another was responsible," said Welch, who lives in Hemet and returned to work three weeks after the incident..

She said she still suffers from headaches and nervousness. She has been reviewing medical literature for chemical compounds that could have caused her symptoms..

"I've contacted three separate pathologists to look into this," Welch said, adding that as she comes across interesting data, she has given it to state health officials involved in the formal investigation..

Nurse Susan Kane, who was hospitalized for two days after she fainted while drawing blood from Ramirez, has returned to work, according to De Santis. She declined to be interviewed. Balderas has been unavailable for comment..

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

On April 30, the Riverside County Coroner announced that Ms. Gloria Ramirez's death was from natural causes (cardiac dysrhythmia). No source of fumes could be found in the hospital. Blood tests ruled out poisoning by organophosphates. Death was caused by heart failure resulting from kidney failure and cervical cancer. No specific cause has been announced on what sickened the hospital workers who tried to save her life. Now, there are those who do not believe what has been announced publicly. Law suits have been filed. Three separate autopsies were done. One news report that I heard even referred to testing in "Parts Per Trillion" ranges. The doctor that treated the patient was recently discharged from the hospital. She experienced bone deterioration and underwent surgery. The doctor believes that this was connected to the hospital fumes incident..

One key piece of evidence (the syringe used to draw the blood) was discarded with the rest of the hospital sharps and it can not be located. The above information is from public news reports and/or represent my opinions and not those of my employer..

Walter C. Caiazza, University of California, Riverside, walter@galaxy.ucr.edu.

UPDATE TO PT 265 KNOX OUT RECALL

Elf Atochem North America, Inc, the manufacturer of Knox Out 2FM and the provider of the ingredients for Whitmire's PT 265 Knox Out , has indicated that all batches of the products containing the methyl parathion contamination have been identified. All of these batches have been recalled and will be disposed of according to EPA guidelines..

According to Elf Atochem, they have performed modeling studies which demonstrated that "even in the worst case, there is no health risk to the pesticide handler" when using the contaminated products. "Consistent with our data, there are no adverse effects, either human or to the environment, that have been reported to Elf Atochem North America, Inc. or to our customers." .

If you would like a copy of the letter sent to us from Elf or a copy of the brief summary of the assessment of exposure, please contact us at the DoD Pesticide Hotline, DSN 584-3773 or commercial (410) 671-3773..

UPCOMING EVENTS

**** 1994 ****.

1-22 July 1994. IX International Congress of Acarology. Columbus, OH. Contact: The Secretary, IX International Congress of Acarology, Museum of Biological Diversity, Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus OH 43212, (614) 292-7180, FAX (614) 292-7774..

11-14 July 1994. 145th Meeting, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC. Contact: COL Peter V. Perkins, AFPMB, Forset Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191, DSN 291-5191..

15-19 August 1994. 3rd International Congress on Dipterology. University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Contact: Dr. R.A. Brust, FAX (204) 275-0402. .

5-8 September 1994. VIII European Meeting of the Society for Vectory Ecology, Barcelona, Spain. Contact: Mr. Roger Eritja, Mr. Carlos Aranda, SCM Counsell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Parc Torreblanca, C.N. 240, 08980. Saint Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain..

21-25 September 1994. First Annual Conference, The Wildlife Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Theme; "Excellence in Wildlife Stewardship through Science and Education." Contact: (301) 897-9770..

23-27 October 1994. National Pest Control Association, Honolulu, HI. Contact: NPCA Convention Department, 8100 Oak Street, Dunn Loring, VA 22027, (800) 678-NPCA..

31 October - 3 November 1994. 146th Meeting, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC. Contact: COL Peter V. Perkins, AFPMB, Forset Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191, DSN 291-5191..

**** 1995 ****.

22-27 January 1995. DoD Pest Management Workshop, Jacksonville, Florida. Contact: Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Forest Glen Section, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191..

6-9 March 1995, 147th Meeting, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC. Contact: COL Peter V. Perkins, AFPMB, Forset Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191, DSN 291-5191..

18-22 March 1995. Annual Meeting of the American and Northwest Mosquito Control Associations, Portland, OR. Contact: American Mosquito Control Association, P.O. Box 5416, Lake Charles, LA 70606, (318) 474-2723..

10-13 April 1995. 12th Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Doubletree Hotel ar Warren Place, Tulsa, OK. Contact: Ron Masters at (405) 744-6432 or Grant Huggins at (405) 744-6432..

10-13 July 1995, 148th Meeting, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC. Contact: COL Peter V. Perkins, AFPMB, Forset Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191, DSN 291-5191..

30 October - 2 November 1995, 149th Meeting, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC. Contact: COL Peter V. Perkins, AFPMB, Forset Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20307-5001, (301) 427-5191, DSN 291-5191..

ARMY PEST MANAGEMENT COURSE. SCHEDULE

The upcoming classes in Pest Management being offered at Fort Sam Houston are listed. If you have any questions concerning these classes, please contact the Medical Zoology branch at Fort Sam Houston..

 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PEST MANAGEMENT COURSE SCHEDULE .

6H-F12/322-F12.

FY 95.

CLASS PHASE REPORT START CLOSE PROJ.

DATE SIZE 1 CORE 16 OCT 94 17 OCT 94 21 OCT 94 40.

PHASE I 24 OCT 94 28 OCT 94 .

PHASE II 31 OCT 94 04 NOV 94.

2 CORE 5 FEB 95 06 FEB 95 10 FEB 95 40.

PHASE 1 13 FEB 95 17 FEB 95.

NOTE: CLASS 2 IS INTENDED FOR GOLF COURSE PERSONNEL ONLY!.

3 CORE 19 MAR 95 20 MAR 95 24 MAR 95 40.

PHASE 1 27 MAR 95 31 MAR 95.

PHASE II 03 APR 95 07 APR 95.

4 CORE 07 MAY 95 08 MAY 95 12 MAY 95 40.

PHASE I 15 MAY 95 19 MAY 95.

PHASE II 22 MAY 95 26 MAY 95 .

5 CORE 06 AUG 95 07 AUG 95 11 AUG 95 40.

PHASE I 14 AUG 95 19 AUG 95.

PHASE II 21 AUG 95 25 AUG 95.

RECERTIFICATION CLASS SCHEDULE.

6H-F13/322-F13.

1 02 OCT 94 03 OCT 94 07 OCT 94 44.

2 27 NOV 94 28 NOV 94 02 DEC 94 44.

3 08 JAN 95 09 JAN 95 13 JAN 95 44.

4 23 APR 95 24 APR 95 28 APR 95 44.

5 10 SEP 95 11 SEP 95 15 SEP 95 44.

Class quotas may be obtained by contacting the Medical Zoology Branch at DSN 471-5270/4278, Commercial 210-221-4278/5270 or DSN FAX 471-5948. Enrollment is on a first call basis. Enrollment must be made a MINIMUM OF 45 DAYS before the reporting date of the class in which you desire a quota..

ON THE LIGHTER SIDE

Miser: Someone who earns his money the hoard way..

The Lord in his wisdom made the fly, and then forgot to tell us why..

Did you hear that Bill Gates ended his marriage? She doesn't do windows..

Two silkworms were in a race but it ended in a tie..

A friend went to a beauty parlor and had a mud pack treatment. She looked good for a few days, and then the mud. fell off..

chppm-dodpesticidehotline@amedd.army.mil